Understanding Fixed Income: Bonds & the Sri Lankan Market 📈

A collaborative insight by CFA Society Sri Lanka, SEC, and CSE highlights the role of bonds in building resilient portfolios through stable income and risk mitigation. • Core Mechanics • Bonds act as loans to the Government or corporates in exchange for regular "coupon" (interest) payments. • Maturity periods: Short-term (<3 yrs), Medium-term (3–10 yrs), and Long-term (>10 yrs). • Secondary Market Inverse: Bond prices and interest rates move in opposite directions; falling rates boost existing bond values. • Market Instruments in Sri Lanka • Government Securities: Treasury Bills (discounted short-term) and Treasury Bonds (fixed-term) issued via CBSL. • Corporate Debentures: Companies issue debt for expansion, typically with ~5-year maturities, often listed on the CSE. • Sustainable Finance: Emerging Green, Blue, and Social Bonds (GSS+) targeting ESG-focused projects. • Yields & Risk Comparison • Historical returns (1994–2024): T-Bills averaged 11.34% with no principal loss, vs. ASPI (shares) at 14.57% with high 37.10% volatility. • Key risks: Interest rate risk, inflation risk, credit (default) risk, and liquidity risk. • Credit ratings (e.g., Fitch, Moody’s) help assess an issuer's likelihood of debt repayment. • Investment Strategy • Bonds offer predictable income and priority in liquidation over shareholders. • Recommended for diversification to offset stock market volatility, especially for conservative investors and retirees.